ΒΙΒΛΟΣ ΤΑΚΤΙΚΗ
Battlefield Tactics in the Greco-Roman World
Georgios C. Karyofyllis · 2011–2026
“Τακτική ἐστιν ἐπιστήμη καθ’ ἥν τις πλῆθος ἀνθρώπων μεθ’ ὅπλων συντάξαι τε καὶ κινῆσαι κατὰ καιρὸν δύναται.”
De re Strategica, 14.1.3An in-depth analysis of battlefield tactics in the Greco-Roman world as presented in the primary sources. Nineteen chapters, from the terminology of the ranks and the arms they carried to preparation, engagement, the aftermath of battle, numbers and campaigns, cavalry, and the army on the march, each drawn from the ancient and medieval Greek sources, which are quoted in the original in the notes.
Contents
- 1. Introductionopen
- 2. On the Assortment of Men - Terminologyopen
- 3. On Arms, Equipment and Tactical Usage thereofenhanced
- 4. On Divisions and Subdivisions of the Armyenhanced
- 5. On the Disposition of Men in the Army, its Formation and Arrangementenhanced
- 6. On Military Evolutionsenhanced
- 7. On Commandsenhanced
11 sections
- 7.1. On Relaying Commands before Action
- 7.2. On Relaying Commands during Action
- 7.3. Trumpets
- 7.4. The Value of Silence to Facilitate the Relay of Commands
- 7.5. Voice Commands
- 7.6. Initiative of Officers during Battle
- 7.7. Misunderstandings Along the Chain of Command
- 7.8. Action Initiated Without the Consent of the Commander or Officers
- 7.9. Size of Units and Command
- 7.10. The Role of the Command Unit
- 7.11. Others
- 8. On Preparations for Battleenhanced
30 sections
- 8.1. On War Councils
- 8.2. On Preparing the Men for Battle
- 8.3. On Marshalling the Men into Formation
- 8.4. On Stratagems and Precautions to Be Employed before the Engagement
- 8.5. On Deceiving the Enemy
- 8.6. On how to Protect from Fatigue, Hunger and Thirst before and during the Engagement
- 8.7. On the Effects of Weather and Natural Phenomena
- 8.8. On the Effects of Terrain and Features thereof
- 8.9. On the Time of Battle
- 8.10. On the Value of Fortifications
- 8.11. On the Value of Psychology
- 8.12. On the Value of Discipline, Obedience and Good Order
- 8.13. On Experience and overall Quality
- 8.14. On Tradition and Conviction
- 8.15. On Overconfidence
- 8.16. On Complacency
- 8.17. On Making Promises and Threats to the Enemy
- 8.18. On Internal Feuds, Dissatisfaction and Mutinies
- 8.19. On Resoluteness of Spirit
- 8.20. On Using Artificial Defensive Works on the Battlefield
- 8.21. On Information Collection
- 8.22. On Hiding One’s True Intentions
- 8.23. On Religious Beliefs, Omens, Superstitions, Auspices and Sacrifices
- 8.24. On Taunting the Enemy
- 8.25. On Scolding the Enemy
- 8.26. On Multiple Nationalities Present in the Battle-line
- 8.27. On Engaging in Battle in order to Lift Low Morale
- 8.28. On Scarcity of Provisions Dictating Action
- 8.29. On Arranged Battles
- 8.30. On Rage, Fanaticism, Religious Fervor and Defying Death
- 9. On the Engagement of Troopsenhanced
15 sections
- 9.1. On Battle-Formations in Anticipation of Battle
- 9.2. On Initiating Battle
- 9.3. On Modes of Marching to Engage
- 9.4. On Engaging the Enemy
- 9.5. Arms in Battle
- 9.6. On Loss of Order and Disintegration of the Formation
- 9.7. On Stratagems during Battle
- 9.8. On Retreats, Withdrawals, Pursuits and Regrouping
- 9.9. On the Duration of Battles
- 9.10. On Perception and Awareness During or On the Way to Battle
- 9.11. On Reserves
- 9.12. On Attacking the Enemy Commander-in-Chief
- 9.13. On Attacking the Strongest Part of the Enemy Army
- 9.14. On the Appearance of Friends or Foes During Combat
- 9.15. On Fighting over the Possession and Despoiling of Bodies
- 10. On how to Act after the Engagementenhanced
- 11. On Other Aspects of the Engagementenhanced
10 sections
- 11.1. On Surrendering and the Receiving of Fugitives
- 11.2. On Parleys, Asking and Receiving of Terms
- 11.3. On Duels and Challenges
- 11.4. On Making sure that the Army is physically prepared for the Engagement
- 11.5. On the Difficulties of Crossing a River
- 11.6. On Treason
- 11.7. Descriptions of Individual Action in Battle
- 11.8. On Testing the Loyalty and Spirit of the Men
- 11.9. On the Effects of Fatigue and Weakness
- 11.10. On How to Treat the Sick and Wounded
- 12. On Numbers and Campaignsenhanced
7 sections
- 12.1. Casualties
- 12.2. Other Accounts of Forces and Campaigns
- 12.3. Other Battles
- 12.4. On the Reliability of Numbers Provided in the Sources
- 12.5. On the Importance of Numbers
- 12.6. Tactics and Strategy to Follow When Having Inferior Numbers
- 12.7. Tactics and Strategy to Follow When Having Superior Numbers
- 13. Battles Reconstructedenhanced
69 sections
- 13.1. Battle at Thymbara, Xenophon
- 13.2. Battle of Marathon (490 BC).
- 13.3. Battle of Thermopylae (480 BC)
- 13.4. Battle of Plataea (479 BC)
- 13.5. Battle of Amphilochian Argos, Thucydides (426 BC)
- 13.6. Battle of Solygeia (425 BC)
- 13.7. Battle of Oropia or Delion (424 BC)
- 13.8. Battle of Amphipolis (422 BC)
- 13.9. Battle of Mantineia (418 BC)
- 13.10. Battle of Cunaxa (401 BC)
- 13.11. Battle of Nemea (394 BC)
- 13.12. Battle of Coroneia or Lebadea (394 BC)
- 13.13. Battle of Leuctra (371 BC)
- 13.14. Battle of Mantineia (362 BC)
- 13.15. Battle of the Erigon Valley (359 BC)
- 13.16. Battle of Crimissos (340 BC)
- 13.17. Battle of Haemos (335 BC)
- 13.18. Battle of Peuce at Istros (335 BC)
- 13.19. Battle of Granicus (334 BC).
- 13.20. Battle of Issus (333 BC).
- 13.21. Battle of Gaugamela (Arbela) (331 BC).
- 13.22. Battle of Jaxartes (329 BC).
- 13.23. Battle of Hydaspes (326 BC).
- 13.24. Battle of the Creton Polis (Antigonos against Alcetas), Diodorus (319 BC)
- 13.25. Battle of Gabiene (317 BC)
- 13.26. Battle of Paraetacene (317 BC)
- 13.27. Battle of Ipsus (301 BC)
- 13.28. Battle of Tunis (255 BC)
- 13.29. Battle of river Macara or Bagradas (240 BC)
- 13.30. Battle of Telamon (225 BC)
- 13.31. Battle of Sellasia (222 BC)
- 13.32. Battle of Trebia (218 BC)
- 13.33. Battle of Raphia (217 BC)
- 13.34. Battle of Trasimene (217 BC)
- 13.35. Battle of Cannae (216 BC)
- 13.36. Battle of Lissus, Polybius (212 BC)
- 13.37. Battle of Baecula (208 BC)
- 13.38. Battle of Metaurus (207 BC)
- 13.39. Battle of Mantineia (207 BC)
- 13.40. Battle of Ilipa (206 BC)
- 13.41. Battle of Zama (202 BC)
- 13.42. Battle of Panium (200 BC)
- 13.43. Battle of Cynoscephalae (197 BC)
- 13.44. Battle of Magnesia (190 BC)
- 13.45. Battle of Pydna (168 BC)
- 13.46. Battle of Vercellae (101 BC)
- 13.47. Battle of Chaeroneia (86 BC)
- 13.48. Battle of Tigranocerta (69 BC)
- 13.49. Battle of Carrhae (53 BC)
- 13.50. Battle of Pharsalos (48 BC).
- 13.51. Battle of Forum Gallorum (43 BC)
- 13.52. Battle of Philippi (42 BC)
- 13.53. March and Battle Order of Arrian in his Contra Alanos (135 AD)
- 13.54. Battle of Lugdunum (197 AD)
- 13.55. Battle of Daras (530 AD)
- 13.56. Battle of Callinicos (531 AD)
- 13.57. Battle of Taginae (553 AD)
- 13.58. Battle of Casulinum (554 AD)
- 13.59. Battle of Solachon (586 AD)
- 13.60. Battle of Manzicert (1071 AD)
- 13.61. Battle of Calaura or Calobrye (1078 AD)
- 13.62. Battle of Dyrrachion (1081 AD)
- 13.63. Battle of Philomelion (1117 AD)
- 13.64. Battle of Tagliacozzo (1268 AD)
- 13.65. Battle of Tzouroulon
- 13.66. Second Battle of Messenia after the taking of Ampheia
- 13.67. Second Battle of Ithome
- 13.68. Imaginary Battle against the Robbers in Egypt
- 13.69. The Second Battle Between the Sabines of Tatius and the Romans of Romulus
- 14. Cavalry in Battleenhanced
- 15. Other Matters concerning Warenhanced
11 sections
- 15.1. Mercenaries
- 15.2. Non Combatants
- 15.3. On Joint Command
- 15.4. Naval Support during Action
- 15.5. On the Assassination of Commanders
- 15.6. Special Operations
- 15.7. Raising, Replenishment and Rearming of Forces
- 15.8. On Groundless Panic
- 15.9. Military Careers
- 15.10. Women in War
- 15.11. Siege Tactics and Countertactics
- 16. The Army on the March and in the Campenhanced
12 sections
- 16.1. Marching Tips
- 16.2. Marching through Hostile Territory
- 16.3. On Action while on the March
- 16.4. On Deceiving the Enemy while on the March
- 16.5. Encampment
- 16.6. Activities on the March
- 16.7. Security Measures
- 16.8. On Terrain Obstacles and How to Overcome Them
- 16.9. Force Marches
- 16.10. On Skirmishing and Harassing Tactics
- 16.11. Night Action and Marches
- 16.12. Other
- 17. On Light Troops and Skirmishesenhanced
- 18. Indexenhanced
- 19. Onomasticon Tacticonenhanced